Anything that helps bio-organisms thrive can be considered a bioreactor, from living beings to technological innovations. The bioreactor technology used in pharmaceuticals supports a wide area of biological research, from cell therapy to vaccine development. The engineering of the bioreactor vessel and its integration into the production line is directly…
Nickel has long been a part of human history, and engineers have certainly made use of it in a wide range of industrial applications. For example, nickel and its alloys are used as part of turbines in aircraft or steam generators, medical devices, and fluid system components in the oil…
Modern engineering and infrastructure projects may rely on pipelines and piping systems to transport fluids, with applications occurring across industries ranging from food and beverage to semiconductor, chemical processing, and oil and gas. Unfortunately, the long history of pipelines includes a parallel history of annual pipeline incidents. In 2021 alone,…
Automating manufacturing plants provides many advantages, from speed and productivity to efficiency and quality. While some may argue the necessity of this innovation, there is no question regarding the significant benefits compared to a purely manual process. However, transforming manual actions into automated ones often invites concerns regarding the role…
Any application dealing with heat needs a temperature control mechanism to ensure proper heat distribution. Geothermal plants commonly assist heat pumps with heating and cooling mechanisms; at server farms, this assistance can be essential to prevent overheating. Spacecraft may also use thermal loop cooling mechanisms to keep components from being…
Titanium is a corrosion-resistant metal with a polished appearance used in industries ranging from aerospace to petrochemical. Although the metal is less dense than other widely-used steels, it can provide equal or greater strength. When working with titanium, though, there are specific considerations for welders. Applying conventional welding processes to…